Rudy - Movie Review essays

Rudy - Movie Review articles Rudy is one of the most persuasive films I have seen all year. The film was delivered in 1993 and was shot on the Notre Dame grounds. Rudy Ruettiger battled all through his school years and was not perhaps the most astute young men in his group, however he generally attempted. He worked more earnestly than any normal man would to cause his fantasies to turn into a reality. I like numerous things about this film, since its so moving and interesting simultaneously. One thing I truly like about the film is the way hard he truly attempts to arrive at his objectives. A second thing I like about this film is the point at which he goes to converse with the dad at the congregation about going to Notre Dame, and the dad thinks he needs to turn into a minister as well. The genuine explanation I truly like that part is on the grounds that its so interesting. Also, a third thing I truly like about the film Rudy is the point at which the man that he works for at the Notre Dame field leaves him the way in to the room that Rudy stays in bed each night, and leaves him covers. It was extremely sweet, and it appears as though something somebody would do, all things considered. There are likewise sure things I dont like about the film. One thing I truly dont like about the film is when Rudys closest companion kicks the bucket, it is an extremely high enthusiastic piece of the story, and its additionally dismal. Something else I truly dont like about the film is the point at which his father says that its fine to watch the game from his living TV, and afterward when Rudy says, Would it be extraordinary on the off chance that I was on the field playing? Also, his dad doesnt state anything by any means. The exact opposite thing that I dont like about the film is that when Rudy chooses he needs to go to Notre Dame to play football, nobody is there for him to help his choice, not even his family, or his better half. It nearly helps me to remember my own family. By and large, I believe that Rudy is an incredible film. Also, I urge anybody to see it, as it is exceptionally persuasive and extremely evident. ... <!

Case Study Nissin Essay Essay Example

Contextual analysis Nissin Essay I. Summation ( summarize of the case including hypothetical setting of the activity ) II. second bit A. Time Context ( the clasp when the activity was noted ) B. Case Viewpoint ( indentification of the existent owner of the activity ) C. Explanation of the Problem ( in a tough situation that hinder or keeps the organization from achieving its points D. Articulation of the Objectives ( finishes or outcomes that you would wish to bring through ) E. Proclamation of the Areas of Consideration ( Facts of the example in plot signifier ) F. Articulation of the Alternative Courses of Action ( A pick between at least two potential answer for work out the issue. ) ( insignificant acad requests ought to be two with focal points and drawbacks for every alternative ) . G. Proclamation of Conclusion ( the Final assurance ) H. Articulation of Recommendation ( Plans of activity introduced in Tabular signifier demonstrating exercises. doled out individual or segment and imprint day of the period of fruition ) Case Study I. Outline The Study is about the organization. Monde Nissin where the entirety of the caputs of the area comprising the said organization were assembled to reiview and talk the year’s open introduction for its moment noodle line. The said gathering was started by the interest investigator of the said organization. We will compose a custom paper test on Case Study Nissin Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Case Study Nissin Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Case Study Nissin Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer He/She revealed that their gross incomes developing over that past twelvemonth has been an individual figure from mature ages 2006 to 2008. concerning the old mature ages which was twelvemonth 2003 to twelvemonth 2005. They talked about the activity with respect to how did their gross incomes developing lessening. a portion of the area caputs revealed that the lessening was because of increment in money related estimation of their product. The expansion in stock money related worth was because of the expansion of imported wheat. the fiscal estimation of dollar is as yet temperamental. what's more, the extra of the exchange name new distribution center. They other than said the populace in the Philippines diminished ingestion of moment noodles and different fundamentals because of increment in fiscal estimations of merchandise. Some other than said that the populace in the state today is progressively worried about their wellbeing and wellbeing. a few people are other than earth witting and a few people other than need stocks that has fluctuation. With these restrictions. the segment caputs reasoned that they ought to deliver another product which highlights wellbeing and wellbeing however the presentation of another product in the market will require significant expense. since they will recalibrate their establishments in light of the fact that their establishments are non adaptable consequently bringing about significant expense. II. A. Time Context The activity was noted in twelvemonth 2008. B. Case Viewpoint The main occupation of the Case Study is the reason the gross incomes developing of the Company declined and how to do their gross incomes developing ascent again. C. Proclamation of the Problem The organization is confronted with numerous occupations or difficulties. these are: a. The imported wheat money related worth is lifting B. The dollar stays to be flimsy c. The costs they are bringing about due to the new stockroom d. The lessening ingestion of the people with their product because of increment of the money related estimations of merchandise nutrient E. The expanding interest for stocks that has Health and Wellness benefits. stocks that are useful for nature and stocks that has changeability D. Articulation of the Objectives f. To help the organization increment its gross incomes developing E. Proclamation of the Areas of Consideration g. The organization needs to see the expansion in money related estimation of imported wheat h. The dollar that is as yet insecure I. The reducing of the masses in buying their product because of increment of money related estimation of merchandise J. The expanding interest for stocks that has Health and Wellness benefits. stocks that are useful for nature and stocks that has inconstancy.

Analysis On Nike And Feasibility Of Imc Plan Marketing Essay

Investigation On Nike And Feasibility Of Imc Plan Marketing Essay Official Summary Marketing forms as we are familiar with are a basic piece of any association and it undertaking. The sole reason for some random business association is to deliver items and administration so it tends to be sold in the market and arrives at customer. Promoting is one of the procedure endeavors inside the association at the operational level with a reason. Deliberately, any types of promoting have their own advantages and restrictions. In any case, in the present plan of things, we can contemplated thus that showcasing attempt of organization have experienced gigantic change at all level. There are likewise different apparatuses and showcasing strategies that association misuse for the sole thought of befitting authoritative procedures and its promoting attempt. The reason for this report is to talk about the focal topic of ‘IMC Plan in a significant organization† and to interface it with the ideas and hypothetical importance of the subject. We are of the sentiment that the idea of coordinated advertising correspondence is colossally in rehearsed among advertisers for the sheer component appended to it. Be that as it may, what are the IMC forms at play concerning Nike? Consequently, this report additionally endeavors to examine the many element and significance fo IMC and its different apparatuses that si at play. Furthermore, Nike is likewise considered as the association to grasp upon the domains of IMC and its significance and how far the organization IMC has been viable on a worldwide scale. Additionally, the report in parts likewise amasses the very substance to ponder the passage of Nike in UAE and to distinguish the highlights of IMC at play in UAE embraced by Nike. Presentation The idea of coordinated promoting correspondence can be comprehended as an order of advertising correspondence and its arranging that incorporates the thorough benefits of showcasing devices to the upside of the association and its advertising try. To top everything, the act of incorporated promoting correspondence likewise encourages organizations and advertisers to come out with a far reaching and vital layout of showcasing and correspondence procedure that is frequently accepted to give clearness to messages, just as lucidity and complete effect of conveyed messegges that is consistent. (Yeshin, 1998, p. 68) Thus, we accept that the reason for any showcasing try that enterprises embrace is to make a worth chain inside and remotely for its items and administrations. The production of significant worth chains accordingly requires a complete combination and practices of showcasing channels that is consistent across limits and somewhat the utilization of extensive advertising apparatuses and correspondence structures. Goal of the Study and Issue in Consideration There are endless issues with regards to the factor including incorporated promoting communication.soe of the plausible issue to be recognized can be glanced in regard of the accompanying: How has broad communications added to the factor enveloping Integrated showcasing Communication? Does the factor connected to the changing parts of correspondence in the present situation have its impact on the factor enveloping how coordinated advertising correspondence is done?

What is the Meaning of Life Essay Example For Students

What is the Meaning of Life? Paper What is the Meaning of Life? Paper This inquiry has astounded humankind for about as long as it has existed. This makes one wonder, if nobody has thought of an answer at this point, nobody including prodigies, for example, Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking, at that point why ask a multi year old kid? The response to that is straightforward, I am a finished and articulate virtuoso, a super virtuoso maybe. Obviously this thought is very bizarre, and the genuine explanation one may maybe ask me is to assess my comprehension of the following: < Where am I going? < Different methods of reasoning of life < Why a few people are strict < What makes somebody strict < Why Catholics are strict < Can an individual be Christian just by being acceptable < How Catholics discover importance and reason < Vocation . By and by I think there is no significance to life and life is the thing that you make of it, however that isn't the appropriate response that is anticipated from me, truth be told the appropriate response expected of me is most likely along the lines of this What is the significance of life? What is the significance of life? Everybody has pondered about the appropriate response to this inquiry eventually in their lives, in actuality this inquiry constructs the bases of an emotional meltdowns. At around forty people begin going, whats the point, who minds any longer? What IS the significance of life? regardless of whether this is valid or not I wouldnt know, failing to have encountered a midlife emergencies myself, being, as I referenced prior, just fourteen. By and by, it is a significant inquiry. Presently before I illuminate you regarding my updated assessment of this inquiry, lets first investigate different people groups sees. Being as there are a wide assortment of individuals on this planet there are a wide assortment of answers to this inquiry. These range from the significance of life is to turn into a {insert name of clique, religion, association and so on here} to the significance of life is to eat your own foot. The inquiry at that point is which one is correct. The response to that question is, they all are. .. OK, perhaps not, yet they are okay in the individual psyche of each individual who made that solitary answer, this is additionally false however it is a awesome falsehood. In any case in the event that you yourself have no response to this inquiry, at that point you are probably going to go under one of the accompanying: Existentialist, Humanist, Materialistic, Nihilist or Religious. These are the fundamental ways of thinking of life, existentialism being the a reasoning that underlines the uniqueness and confinement of the person involvement with an unfriendly or apathetic universe, sees human presence as unexplainable, and stresses opportunity of decision and obligation regarding the outcomes of ones acts. Humanism being a way of thinking that focuses on people and their qualities, limits, and worth. Realism being the reasoning that physical prosperity and common belongings establish the most noteworthy great and most noteworthy incentive throughout everyday life. Agnosticism being the dismissal of all differentiations in good or strict worth and an ability to renounce every single past hypothesis of profound quality or strict conviction. Lastly strict which is having or demonstrating confidence in and love for God or a god. It is obviously conceivable to go under a greater amount of one of the abovementioned. There, you currently know what you are, glad? No, obviously your not, you need to know more dont you? Alright, fine.. .For what reason would somebody become strict? That is a decent inquiry. Well the response to this for the vast majority is shockingly simple, in light of the fact that they must choose between limited options, they where purified through water before they could even talk. In any case shouldn't something be said about grown-ups who get immersed? I hear you cry, well alright, I dont since Im sure youre a) not so pitiful, and b) I cannot hear you .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e , .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e .postImageUrl , .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e , .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e:hover , .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e:visited , .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e:active { border:0!important; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e:active , .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u33961 c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u33961c215b7ad4eaeefbc82c3ffb1e1e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Parts Emporium Persuasive Essaybut anyway, for what reason would somebody become strict willingly? This could occur for two reasons, alright, three: One) They unexpectedly choose its their business, their getting and go out to become strict in light of the fact that they have an inclination that it, Two) They need a type of pardoning or vindication on the grounds that theyve accomplished something incorrectly, and Three) By mishap, you know the kind of thing, you become truly inebriated and wake up with a spouse in Las Vegas and another religionokay possibly not, however the initial two are substantial answers. For what reason are Catholics strict? This inquiry is totally self informative, what .

Albrecht Durer Biography

Albrecht Durer Biography Essay Durer was a goldsmith, he had originated from Germany to Nurembourg in 1455 and wedded Barbara Holper. Barbaras father was Albrechts ace. Albrecht was his dads third child. He was named Albrecht due to a family custom which he has been the third delegate up until this point. Albrecht had three siblings named Laszlo, Albrecht, and Ajtos. Albrecht was apprenticed to his dad at 13 years old. His dad acquainted him with the working with metal and the utilization of apparatuses with laid the basis for his aptitude of etching. He likewise took in painting from his dad at 13 years old. He liked to attract and paint than to goldsmithing. He painted a self picture of himself at 13. This self-picture took the cautious and the precise work of the entirety of the subtleties to some him his creative ability. In 1486, Albrechts father sent him to take in painting and carpentry from Michael Wolgemut. Michael Wolgemut was an astounding painter and woodcut artist. In Michael W. s occupied shop Albrecht took in the basics of drawing, painting, and wood cutting. Albrecht additionally helped Micheal W. make a few representations for books. Michael W. presumably took Albrecht to the Netherlands, Basel, Stratsbourg, and in 1492 to Colmar in Alsace. Albrecht invested such a great amount of energy with him he called him his subsequent dad. His primary fascination was to see the ace, Martin Schongauer. Who at the time was the main German visual craftsman of the time. In transit there Albrecht discovered the ace had kicked the bucket. On his appearance Martins siblings gave him prints, drawings, and Schongauers ideal etchings from the bosses workshop. The prints, drawings, and inscriptions affected Albrechts work. Albrecht then went to Basel to remain with another sibling of Schongauer, who directed a goldsmith workshop there. Basel was the focal point of realistic creation and book distributing at that point. In Basel Albrecht made numerous contacts and contributed a marked woodcut for the cover sheet of the Letters of St. Jerome. The achievement he had from this woodcut presumably prompted another commission in Basel. In the fall of 1493, Albrecht went to Stratsbourg where he kept on working for distributers. Toward the finish of May 1494 Albrecht came back to Nurembourg. In July 7, 1494 the multi year old painter wedded Agnes Frey. Agnus was the little girl of a trader. Not long after his marriage in the fall of 1494 he took his first outing to Italy. This visit empowered him to see his old buddy Willard Pirckheimer who acquainted Albrecht with humanist idea and traditional writing. Albrecht invested a large portion of his energy of his first outing in Venice, Italy. There he met Jacopo deBarbari. deBarbari whose figures built to geometrical strategies and extents roused Albrecht to live a deep rooted investigation of hypothetical compositions. In Venice, Albrecht made drawings of fascinating figures, creatures, and did nature contemplates. On the ride home Albrecht utilized his water hues painting the scene around the Alps. Albrecht came back to Nurembourg by the mid year of 1495. With the arrival of his outing he created a lot of canvases and etchings. Albrecht utilized the vehicle of etching since that mirrored his hypothetical advantages. From around 1500 Albrechts worry for the issues of extent and point of view expanded. This activity was presumably brought about by the new contacts with the Italian works and investigation of Vitruvius. In 1502, after an extensive stretch of shortcoming Albrechts father had passed on. His dads passing had shaken him up an immensely. Not long after that Albrecht experienced discouragement fits and tormenting dreams. â‚ ¬Ã¥ ¡ His hunger for work had not been debilitated because of his dad. Peruse: The Painting of the Sistine Chapel EssayHe kept on working like nothing had occurred. The Adam and Eve painting in 1504 indicated a great deal of his strategies of etching and the development of geometrical techniques for male and female figures. The artwork Paumgartner Altarpiece shows a corresponding accentuation on the perspective on extents. All through Albrechts vocation he created pictures of family, companions and benefactors. Albrecht painted 2 significant self-representations called Prado Madrid and Alte Pinakothek, Munich. In 1505, Albrecht drew Crowned Death on a Thin Horse, the plague pestilence roused this artistic creation. Due to this plague Albrecht quickly departured from Italy in the late spring of 1505. At 34 years old he was completely developed and fruitful with his profession. After Albrecht halted in Augsburg he went to Venice to build up his work of art style. Albeit numerous individuals respected his artistic creations they said he was not as old fashioned enough. Just Giovanni Bellini recognized him of his work. Albrechts most noteworthy accomplishment at the time was Feast of the Rose Garlands, which was requested by the German shippers in Venice. In this artistic creation he joined the extravagance of Venetian shading and the huge of Italian pieces. Albrecht came back to his home of Nurembourg in February 1507. Quite a while supporter, Frederick the Wise qualified him for paint an altarpiece demonstrating the execution of 10,000 Christians by a Persian ruler. Albrecht had just made a woodcut of that subject however now he likewise painted it. For a few additional years he kept on painting demands for individuals. Albrecht began a progression of wood cuts of The Life of the Virgin. These were a progression of incredible anecdotes about the virgin. Albrecht made his wood cuts and figures move effectively in the third measurement Albrechts Life of the Virgin arrangement concurred with his developing worry for geometric structure. In his figures and wood cuts you can see the ideal work finished with a ruler and compass. You can likewise observe his reverence with the Platonic thought of the human figure. Non-romantic thought is the human body drawn with numerical recipes. In his artistic creation The Fall of Man Albrecht experienced an enthusiastically time attempting to accomplish a geometrical figure of two creatures known as man and lady. After numerous long periods of rehearsing geometrical figures Albrecht figured out how to paint a few strands of hair with only one stroke. Giovanni Bellini, one of Albrechts admirer solicited him to make a present from one of his brushes he draws the strands of hair with. Bellini was astounded when he saw the brush. Bellini said that the brissels must be isolated or separated to draw a few strands of hair on the double. Albrecht said that he drew it with a type of balance. In 1505, Nurembourg was hit with another plague sending bodies down the road in trucks. In that pre-fall Albrecht left again to go to Venice. Albrecht left his significant other behind and his aides to deal with his shop. This time he needed more cash to go so he needed to obtain from Pirckheimer to make the excursion. He went in extravagance, this time he went with ponies and an amount of stuff that incorporated his pictures he intended to sell. Albrecht offered a large portion of his works of art to Italy. In Venice, Albrecht purchased an Italian coat with the cash he got from the canvases. He likewise took some move exercises at a neighborhood school with a fine man he met. Albrecht met numerous new companions wherever he went. Albrechts just frustration of the excursion was the point at which he discovered some silver hairs on his head. Albrecht wrote to Pirckheimer saying to deal with his family and to loan cash to his mother in the event that she required it. He likewise included to advise him to not have intercourse to his significant other. Peruse: The Buck Stops (and Starts) at Business Schools EssayAlbrecht likewise revealed to Perckheimer that he should take drinks or eat from any of the Venetian painters since they all attempt to duplicate his work and they are my foes. In 1509, Albrecht got back and was chosen as an individual from Nurembourgs Grand Council. This was a gathering of 200 men of riches who now and then added to their number individual residents who had separated themselves in different manners. Albrechts new position didn't meddle with his aesthetic creation. Back in his workshop he kept on dealing with the Fall of Man etching. This etching was the image of Adam and Eve remaining with the creatures. Albrecht changed his technique from geometrical development to the principal pair of individuals. The year 1511 was exceptionally unprecedented for Albrecht. In that one year he distributed the entirety of his most prominent woodcut arrangement like The Apocalypse, The Large Passion, and The Life of a Virgin. In 1513, Albrecht was basically focusing on etching. He made a charcoal engraved self-representation of his mom with an individual, delicate message. Albrecht was likewise bustling making a gigantic woodcut Triumphal Procession and Triumphal Arch. In July 1520, Albrecht and his better half traveled to the Netherlands to see ruler, Charles V. He likewise needed to discover new markets for his work. Albrecht didn't have great accomplishment in the Netherlands yet he met individual specialists. Albrecht left inside a year and created various picture inscriptions in Nurembourg. On April 6, 1528, the multi year old kicked the bucket. At his demise his hypothetical arrangements were not completely finished. Some of them were at that point distributed. As indicated by Albrecht, catching the magnificence of the human body is the most important point of workmanship. In any case, this can't be acknowledged without information on extent and life structures, and just through geometry can be genuine magnificence be known.

Postpartum Psychosis Linked to Bipolar Disorder

Postpartum Psychosis Linked to Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Depression Print Postpartum Psychosis Linked to Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on November 13, 2019 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD Updated on January 28, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Tetra Images - Jamie Grill / Brand X Pictures / Getty Images Experts estimate that 50 to 85% of all new mothers experience the baby blues, a common response to hormonal changes after the birth of a child that typically self-resolves within two weeks. However, an estimated 14% of new mothers will develop postpartum depression, a more serious condition that can include mood swings, uncontrollable crying, fatigue or exhaustion, feelings of guilt, inadequacy or worthlessness, lack of interest in the baby and other common signs of depression. Around 0.1-0.2% (thats one or two of one thousand women) will develop postpartum psychosisâ€"a very serious illness that needs quick intervention, usually including hospitalization. One or two of one thousand may not sound like many until you learning that in 2018 there were approximately 3.79 million births in the United States. This translates to 3,790 to 7,580 women who may experience postpartum psychosis per year. Given the rates of suicide and infanticide related to postpartum psychosis, this estimates a risk of more than 300 infants killed and approximately 380 mothers committing suicide because of this illness each year in the U.S. alone. Causes and Risk Factors Although more studies are needed to determine the causes of postpartum illnesses, the evidence suggests that the sudden drop in estrogen levels that occurs immediately after the birth of a child plays a significant role, along with sleep disruptions that are inevitable before and after the birth. Many researchers conclude that postpartum psychosis is considered to be on the bipolar spectrum and a prior history of depression and/or anxiety is a strong risk factor. Poor social support, young age, traumatic delivery, and financial instability are other potential causative factors. One of the biggest risk factors for postpartum psychosis is a previously diagnosed bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, along with a family history of one of these conditions. Also, women who have already experienced postpartum depression or psychosis have a 20 to 50% chance of having it again at future births. Additionally, sleep deprivation worsens mood symptoms and may increase the risk of development of a postpartum mood disorder. Symptoms of Postpartum Psychosis Symptoms of postpartum psychosis are consistent with those of a bipolar I psychotic episode but have some special twists specifically related to motherhood. They include, but are not limited to: HallucinationsDelusionsPeriods of delirium or maniaThoughts of harming the baby or oneselfIrrational feelings of guiltRefusing to eatThought insertion: The notion that other beings or forces (God, aliens, the CIA, etc.) can put thoughts or ideas into ones mindInsomnia: Although studies are beginning to show that insomnia may be a cause rather than an effectReluctance to tell anyone about the symptoms If  You Already Have Bipolar Disorder You should be awareâ€"and so should your loved onesâ€"that having a history of bipolar disorder may mean that you have a higher-than-average risk of having postpartum psychosis. Prompt treatment is essential to get postpartum psychosis under control. Under no circumstances should you spend most of your time alone with your infant, as this may lead to severe disruptions in sleep that can make a bad situation even worse. Keep in contact with your psychiatrist or therapist during the first six weeks after your childs birth. Arrange ahead of time to have your husband or partner, relatives, friends or even social workers help you care for the infant and make sure you get the rest you need. If you have to choose between breastfeeding and taking your medications, choose the medications. The sooner you get treatment for postpartum illnesses, the faster they can be controlled.

Water/Environment - 825 Words

Water/Environment (Research Paper Sample) Content: Water/Environment Student's Name: Professors Name: Course Number: Date: Water/Environment Abstract The key objective of the research is about the negative impacts of the bottled water to the environment. Many people and animals are suffering from the impacts of the plastic bottles that as used to store mineral water. Based on the history and the origin of the bottled water, it is clear that the bottled water producers had no ill intention in their bottling processes but after a while, unethical competition leads to the production of unhealthy bottling of water. The best solution to the problems that are brought by bottled water is the introduction of strict policies to both water bottlers and consumers. Introduction Bottled water is the water that is stored in the plastic bottles to allow the consumer to take both the liquid and the containers. Portability is much considered by both the producers and the consumers, but the impacts to the environment are given little thought. Therefore, the bottled water has led to the problems to both animals and humans being because of the rapid increase consumption of the bottled waters in The United States and of the parts of the world. Some measures are supposed to be put in place to protect the environment against pollution that results because of the consumption of bottled water. The background With the start of the thermal resorts across the world and the recognition of therapeutic advantages f the mineral water and spring water people started to take the thermal water from the urban centers and continue to enjoy the healing features of mineral water. The commercialization and the bottling of the mineral water first started in the mid 16th century (Dege, 2011). In 1856, the Sarotage springs in New City was bottling more than 7 million bottles mainly for medicals reasons. In the United States of America, individuals consume over 30 billion bottles of water annually, and the analysis shows that over 50 billion of bottled water is consumed in the world every year. Therefore, it means that the United States consumes approximately 60% of the bottled water in the world regardless of the reason that the United States makes about 4.5% of the world population (Gleick, 2010). 1,500 of the water bottles are consumed after every second in the United States. 9.1 billion gallons were sold in 2011. The sales that was made in 2011 was the highest sale in history because it is equivalent to 29.1 gallons per person per annum. The impacts of the bottled water to the environment Water bottles can be created out of recyclable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics. The PET is non-biodegradable; hence, they split down into tiny fragment over time. The fragments absorb the toxins that can contaminate or pollute the soil, waterways and sicken the animals in the society. The plastic bottles trash can absorb the organic pollutants such as PCBs and BPA (Miller, Spoolman, 2012). Based on the study which was carried by the Oceanic Conservatory, the results showed that plastic bags and plastic bottles are the most widespread kind of pollution found in most beaches and oceans in the world. The study by Oceanic conservatory analyzed that for every square mile of the ocean there are over 46,000 floating plastics such as plastic bottles. 10% of the plastics that are manufactured by the plastic manufacturing companies in the world end up in the oceans. When the plastics are floating in the oceans over time they accumulate since they are non-biodegradable; hence polluting water and affecting the living organism in the water (Miller, Spoolman, 2012). Bottled water is not safer for consumption because the most of the scientific evidence show that plastic bottles leach into the water they hold; hence, the leaching effects have been connected to the health problems such as various types of cancer and the reproductive issue (Miller, Spoolman, 2012). After the ten weeks of storage, the harmful hormone-disrupting phthalates can leach into the water which is kept in the plastic bottles or even much quick especially in the condition where the bottled water are left in an open place where there is direct sunlight. Tap water is not perfect because the purity of water depend on the source and the place where the consumers live. Based on the study which was carried by the National Resource Defense Council it was ascertained that 22% of the water tested had a nonterminal level that is over the health limit of the United States. Over 780 million people in the world which are over double of the United States population do not have access to safe an...

Essay The Role of Database Administrator - 1418 Words

Importance Few companies today can exist without an IT department. The IT department contains many of the company’s technology experts. Almost all companies rely on computers to some degree whether it is an international conglomerate or a small startup company. Some companies are very dependent on computer systems while others use them only for accounting for payrolls and everyday computer tasks. Most organization, even the smallest company have people whose job is to make sure that the computer system is up and running or an emergency contact to call when the computer systems goes down. In the future, I want to take the head of a database administrator of an IT department whether the size of the company is small or enormous. In larger†¦show more content†¦My career might start off as a database designer. Database designers determine what are best types of databases to solve certain problems and work with database tools in order to develop those databases. After a database designer, I could be promoted to a manager role. Knowledge managers have a much higher-level knowledge to business problems than database designers. Knowledge managers usually focus on an area like accounting and working with database designers to develop databases that meet the needs of the users. In contrast to database designers, knowledge managers handle different tasks. Knowledge managers interfere with users and database designers in order to ensure that the databases meet the needs of the users and most importantly, the company. They usually have a specialty in a field in organizing, refining or gathering. Responsibility of database jobs The responsibility of a database administrator is to serve as the link between the database designers, knowledge managers and users. The database designers are often brought in for completing specific projects and then moving onto other projects at other companies or different departments at the same company. Their job are usually finished when they finish designing the database. While they may be used in the future to perform someShow MoreRelatedTechnology Changes Role of Database Administrator1195 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology Changes Role of Database Administrator The database administrator (DBA) is responsible for managing and coordinating all database activities. The DBAs job description includes database design, user coordination, backup, recovery, overall performance, and database security. The database administrator plays a crucial role in managing data for the employer. In the past the DBA job has required sharp technical skills along with management ability. (Shelly, Cashman, Waggoner 1992)Read MoreProgramming Solution Proposal Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesprospect customers can post in the forums and ask questions and the administrators can answer the questions. If other customers or users know the answer to the question, they can also answer. That will help the customers questions get answered faster. Upon reviewing the company website, I noticed there was no support forum. There is a small FAQ (frequently asked questions) but no forum. The personnel involved in the project have a certain role they must play, the steps of the program development cycle mustRead MoreElements of a Fulfilling and Successful Database Adminstrator775 Words   |  3 Pagessenior-level Database Administrator position for a leading provider of technology services in support of the US government. After gaining ample experience, I plan to capitalize on my technical expertise and work as a freelance consultant. Economically speak ing, technological advancement has been a major cause of job displacement, however, automated ‘machines’ require technical knowledge to design, develop, implement and maintain. Consequently, IT-related positions are still in high demand. The Database AdministratorRead MoreThe Web Application Requires Security997 Words   |  4 Pagesin order to prohibit unauthorised access and it prevents service interruptions, so Training4U can always provide a good service. Securing the application ensures that only administrators can access the admin pages, and instructors and customers can access their pages through the internet. In order to do this for the administrators a login form would be created for the admin page so that they are the only people who can access them. Also the customer’s data needs to be protected both while it is beingRead MoreDatabase Administrators1638 Words   |  7 Pages1 Introduction Database is any collection of data or information, that is specially organized for rapid search and retrieval by a computer. Databases are structured to facilitate the storage, retrieval, modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various data-processing operations. A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storageRead MoreResponsibilities Of Key Leaders : The Bold Pharma Organization Essay939 Words   |  4 Pagesplay a key role in assuring the information about the organization. To start with the Director, Production department head (PDH), Safety department head (SDH), Quality Assurance Head (QAH), Quality Control Head (QCH) all of those are vital in assuring the information. The first department, which assures the information in an organization is the Quality Assurance. The Quality assurance head is the one who makes sure all the information about the organization is secured. (Margolis, 2012) Roles and ResponsibilitiesRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Requirements Specification1107 Words   |  5 PagesSpecification Purpose This Project will create a database to hold information about Sure Start’s extensive educational, welfare and social/recreational resources (books, CDs and videos) on their premises that Staff, Volunteers and Parents can borrow. It will contain information regarding lending dates and how long resources have been borrowed for. Scope The criteria that should be fulfilled to cover the full scope of this project is as follows: †¢ The database should be original and customised †¢ The dataRead MoreComputerized Automated Secure System Used For Run Programming Contests On The Internet Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesCompijudge will ideally be an automated, secure system used to run programming contests on the Internet. The system will consist of four types of users: an administrator, judges, teams, and the public. The administrator will have privileges to create a programming contest, and initially register individuals for a team and later for contests. Judges will have permissions to communication with teams during a contest, and ensure to the completion of the automatic grading process for every contestRead MoreDesign And Implementation : Fixing The Bugs From The Previous Iteration982 Words   |  4 Pageswhen linking to the database. †¢ I placed my IF statement to confirm role types into the wrong file and as such the code tried to confirm the role type before the user actually logged in. Once these aspects were worked upon the application correctly found the role type of the user and redirected them to their correct home page. Creating Tutorial Upload and View Pages For my second iteration I decided to work on the core feature of my application which was to allow administrators to upload tutorialsRead MoreWhat Are The Key Roles Involved In Running The Administrative Side Of The Community?712 Words   |  3 Pagesinsight into how it operated. One member of the group noted two key roles involved in running the administrative side of the community. These two roles may sound similar, but they have striking differences that make their variation requisite to the success of the community. The higher of the two being the â€Å"Administrative,† position or the admin for short. The second role is the â€Å"Moderator,† or mod. During normal operation, these roles share many of the same responsibilities of each other. That is

A Comparative Analysis on Two Leaders - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1517 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Ethics Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Two leaders Quality Mother Theresa Pope John Paul II Personal Values Charity Humility Selflessness Faith Voluntarism Faith Compassion Peace Unity Liberty Personal Beliefs She believed that it is our duty to care for others. She believed that Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s presence could be seen in every human suffering. She believed that we get easily caught up in our own problems wherein we forget how many people around us were less fortunate. She believed that doing good things does not have to be big, as even little things with great love could be sufficient. She believed that serving other before oneself will stop the selfishness and shallowness. He believed that freedom is doing what is righteous, not by doing what we prefer. He believed that every human life is part of Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s loving plan. He believed that democracy without values can become an open or thinly disguised totalitarianism. He believed on having no fear of moving into the unknown. He believed that the world is created for manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s service and Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s glory. Personal Attitudes Selfless Loving Cheerful Humble Religious Non-bias Religious Philanthropic Determined Caring Personal Metaprograms Motivation filter Orientation filter Success indication filter Decision-making filter Convincer filter Leadership filter Energy Direction filter Performance filter Work Satisfaction filter Preferred Interest filter Abstract/Specific filter Comparison filter Challenge Response filter Time Awareness filter Focus filter Toward Motivated Both, Possibility and necessity Internal Do Automatic Self and others Both, Active and Reflective Team Player People People Abstract to specific Sameness Choice In time Others Toward motivated Both possibility and necessity Internal Do Automatic Self and others Both Active and Reflective Team player People People Abstract to specific Sameness with differences equally Choice Through time Others Quotes associated to them à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“There is hunger, maybe not the hunger for a piece of bread but there is a terrible hunger for love.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We think sometimes that poverty is only being hungry, naked and homeless. The poverty of being unwanted, unloved and uncared for is the greatest poverty. We must start in our own homes to remedy this kind of poverty.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The most terrible poverty is loneliness and the feeling of being unloved.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“When freedom does not have a purpose, when it does not wish to know anything about the rule of law engraved in the hearts of men and women, when it does not listen to the voice of conscience, it turns against humanity and society.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Have no fear of moving into the unknown. Simply step out fearlessly knowing that I am with you, therefore no harm can befall you; all is very, very well. Do this in complete faith and confidence.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Social justice cannot be attained by violence. Violence kills what it intends to create.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Main Decision Points in their Life At the age of 18, Mother Theresa left Skopje and went to Loreta Sisters. She was unable to see her mother and sister again. After 15 years working in the Loreto School as a teacher, she realized that she had a call to take care of the sick and the dying, the hungry, the naked, the homeless. To be Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s love in action to the poorest of the poor. That was the beginning of the Missionaries of Charity. She asked permission to leave Loreta Congregation and establish the new order of sisters in the streets for the poor. After his fatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s death, he decided to step into priesthood wherein he illegally attended seminary classes in the secret underground seminary headed by Archbishop of Krakow. In the beginning of Pope John Paul II papacy, he firmly reaffirmed the canon law prohibiting priests to actively participate in party politics. His purpose was not to reduce Catholicismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s political influence but to unite the church and to reinforce moral authority. Memories and References Mother Theresaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mother Dranafile had a strong personality. Her mother taught her to be good and to be helpful. Her father died at the age of 42 wherein their family was very poor. Mother Theresaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mother and sister died alone because the Albanian military did not send them out the country. When he was 8yrs. old, his mother died and after four years later, his physician brother died. He lived in a disciplined way of living with routine religious observation under his fatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s supervision. He was hit by a German truck which he suffered from severe concussion and shoulder injury as he was left in the road for several days. He was discovered by a passerby. Based from his experienced, he believed that God has other plans for him as a confirmation of his vocation. On the 13th of May 1981, he was gunshot and was seriously wounded by an assassin. After his recovery, he offered forgiveness from the gunmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions. Personal Traits Compassionate Humane Determined Forgiving Determined Commited in his beliefs Personal Skills and Skills Sets Good interpersonal skills Good communication skills Had the capability to motivate and inspire other people. Multi-lingual speaker Effective peacemaker Collaborator Personal Strategies Believed in divine providence Discouraged fund raising and allows peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s time, energy, monies and skills. To understand the poor, they must know what is poverty. They did not accept government grant, no church maintenance, salary, fees, and no income of such. Used his overseas visits to resolve numerous human conflicts that may impede the harmony between countries. He personally communicates with various parties. Maintains nonviolent and calm transactions with other religions Schedule to work on the focus areas Involvement in groupwork Short term: 19/01/2015-02/02/2015 Tasks Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Discussion with classmates 10:00AM-11: 30AM 1:30PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2:30PM 10:00AM-11: 30AM 1:30PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2:30PM 10:00AM-11: 30AM 1:30PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2:30PM 10:00AM-11: 30AM 1:30PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2:30PM WORK (5:00PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Library research 3:20PM-4:20PM 3:20PM-4:20PM WORK (5:00PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 9:00PM) WORK (5:00PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Internet research 3:20PM-5:00PM WORK (5:00PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 9:00PM) WORK (5:00PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Discussion with colleagues while at work 5:00PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 9:00PM WORK (5:00PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 9:00PM) WORK (5:00PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Long term: 09/02/2015-01/11/2015 Tasks Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Contribute at least 3 ideas in group activity 10:30AM- 11:30AM 1:30PM- 2:20PM 10:30AM- 11:30AM 1:30PM- 2:20PM WORK CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Speak in front of the class as the group representative 10:30AM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 11:30AM 1:30PM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2:30PM 10:30AM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 11:30AM WORK CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Do handover about clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s status and make suggestions to improve cares 5:00PM- 9:00PM 5:00PM- 9:00PM 5:00PM- 9:00PM CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Improve self-confidence Short term: 19/01/2015- 15/02/2015 Tasks Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Read inspirational quotes such as our daily bread 8:30AM-8:45AM 8:30AM-8:45AM 8:30AM-8:45AM 8:30AM-8:45AM 8:30AM-8:45AM 8:30AM-8:45AM WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) 8:30AM-8:45AM CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Have a encouraging conversation with tutor / classmate 12:00NN- 1:00PM SDL 12:00NN- 1:00PM 12:00NN- 1:00PM 12:00NN- 1:00PM WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Working with workmates with various style / strategies in work WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) SDL WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Long-term: 16/02/2015- 16/08/2014 Tasks Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Go to church to pray and attend mass for spiritual support 3:00PM- 3:30Pm 3:30PM- 4:00PM 3:30PM- 4:00PM WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) 11:00AM- 12:15PM Communicate with family overseas to ask for advices and encouragement through viber or facebook messenger WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) 2:00PM- 3:00PM 6:00PM-7:00PM 6:00PM-7:00PM 10:00PM- 11:00PM 12:00NN- 2:00PM WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Permanent job as nurse for residency Short term: 09/12/2014- 09/01/2015 Tasks Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Look for CAP providers in NZ aside from prospect school (EIT) 10:00AM- 11:00AM 4:00PM- 5:00PM 4:00PM- 5:00PM WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Make an inquiry about CAP program in one of CAP providers through emails / phone calls SCHOOL (9:00AM-3:00PM) WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) 1:00PM- 3:00PM 4:00PM- 5:00PM 4:00PM- 5:00PM SCHOOL (9:00AM-3:00PM) WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) 10:00AM- 11:00AM WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Completion of documents required for CAP school such as JP of documents and medical SCHOOL (9:00AM-3:00PM) WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) 12:30PM-1:00PM 12:00NN-1:00PM 10:00AM-10:30AM WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) WORK (5:00PM- 9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Submission of requirements to school SCHOOL (9:00AM-3:00PM) WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) 10:00AM- 12:00AM 4:00PM- 5:00PM 4:00PM- 5:00PM SCHOOL (9:00AM-3:00PM) WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Long term: 09/01/2015- 27/07/2015 Tasks Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Attend school in AGI to complete Level 6 and submission of portfolios and course works SCHOOL (9:00AM-3:00PM) SDL SCHOOL (9:00AM-3:00PM) SCHOOL (9:00AM-3:00PM) SCHOOL (9:00AM-3:00PM) WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Inquire to fellow colleagues at work about possible school for CAP WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Advance searching in the internet for places with job vacancies for nurses 12:00NN- 1:00PM 4:00PM- 5:00PM 4:00PM- 5:00PM 4:00PM- 5:00PM SCHOOL (9:00AM-3:00PM) WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) 1:00PM- 2:00PM WORK (5:00PM-9:00PM) CHURCH (11:00AM- 12:15PM) WORK (2:45PM- 11:15PM) Don’t waste time! 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Multiculturalism of the American Society In The Chinese in All of Us by Richard Rodriguez Free Essay Example, 1750 words

In The Chinese in All of Us , Richard Rodriguez explores Multiculturalism. Rodriguez talks about the effects that multiculturalism of the American society had on his life. Being the son of Spanish speaking Mexican immigrant parents, he narrates the constant encounters he experienced while growing up in America. In defense of all the labeling and accusations he faced as a reaction to his book, which highlighted issues such as bilingual education and affirmative action, he wrote his understanding of the issue of Multiculturalism while maintaining one s own ethnic identity. He further elaborates, that though America is a blend of various cultures and it takes pride in it, it still has its own identity. America has its own individuality, its own culture. Multiculturalism in America and its impact on the American identity is constantly debated, where one side calls it the essence of American society whereas the other side considers it a threat to the American identity. (Rodriguez n. p)A merica is a multicultural society, where different cultures coexist alongside each other. Multiculturalism started as a movement at the end of the 19th century in the United States and Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism of the American Society In The Chinese in All of Us by Richard Rodriguez or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The mass immigration of southern and eastern Europeans and Latin Americans were the driving forces behind it. The genesis of multiculturalism was the concept of cultural pluralism. The different features of different cultures often combine and incorporate. In this way, a cultural blend is formed which creates an environment of tolerance and respect for each other. In a multicultural society, individuals have the freedom to practice their own religion, follow their own dressing code, to eat what they want and participate in cultural practices despite its variance from the mainstream cultural norms. Since the first half of the 19th century, the United States has witnessed a constant mass immigration. These immigrants have played a pivotal role in shaping the cultural landscape of America. The immigrants having their own values, beliefs and attitudes, created their own perception of the adopted home.

The Manipulation of Gender Roles in Shakespeare’s Othello...

The Manipulation of Gender Roles in Shakespeare’s Othello Of Shakespeare’s great tragedies, the story of the rise and fall of the Moor of Venice arguably elicits the most intensely personal and emotional responses from its English-speaking audiences over the centuries. Treating the subject of personal human relationships, the tragedy which should have been a love story speaks to both reading and viewing audiences by exploring the archetypal dramatic values of love and betrayal. The final source of the tragic action in Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice has been attributed to various psychological, mythical, racial, social sources: Othello’s status as racial outsider in Venetian society, his pagan roots in†¦show more content†¦The most illusive character in all of Shakespeare’s drama, Iago is perhaps the most difficult to explore psychologically for the simple reason that he lacks a personal self. He dons and sheds gender like a closet of clothes, adorning each article as it suits hi m. Ultimately evolved from the Vice figure of the medieval English morality plays, as Bernard Spivack has convincingly argued, Iago is the Shakespeare’s dramatic and humanistic manifestation of the abstracted evil which governed the dramatic movement of the previous generations of English plays. The self he presents to the world is bound only by circumstance and not by constitution. One key to Iago’s power is his â€Å"improvisational ability† (Gutierrez 12). Like the mythical Satan as Prince of Lies, he makes up his fabulous stories as he goes along, playing off of others’ actions and reactions to his ever-spinning web of lies. Iago switches between the facades of emotion easily and fluidly. He admits and affirms his hatred of Othello in the opening lines of the play (I.i.1-9) [All citations are from the Bantam edition.] and reveals his intentions of betraying Othello at his earliest convenience (I.i.44). In the very next scene, not more than 150 lines l ater, we find Iago in his role as sycophant openly fawning before theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Impact of Gender on Shakespeares Othello 1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Gender on Shakespeare’s Othello In the book â€Å"Gender Trouble† (1990), feminist theorist Judith Butler explains â€Å"gender is not only a social construct, but also a kind of performance such as a show we put on, a costume or disguise we wear† (Butler). In other words, gender is a performance, an act, and costumes, not the main aspect of essential identity. By understanding this theory of gender as an act, performance, we can see how gender has greatly impacted the outcome of the play inRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of power is explored in various ways throughout ‘Othello’, Shakespeare uses the vulnerability of characters’ flaws to allow power shifts to occur through manipulation. The Elizabethan value consensus highlights the difference in gender roles, with societal expectations being defined by the divine order. The limitations of social mobility provide a strong platform for the theme of power to be embedded upon, with characters such as Desdemona and Emilia representing the struggle that womenRead MoreGender Stereotypes in Othello Essay2033 Words   |  9 Pagesregards to gender stereotypes. Shakespeare’s great play Othello uses its main characters to embody the characteristics of the stereotypical females and males according to society’s liking. The stereotypical woman is loyal and faithful to her husband, while the male stereotype possesses strength, control, and dominance. This use of stereotypes enables many misperceptions to develop and build until ultimately everyone experiences downfall and destruction. Shakespeare includes the effects of gender rolesRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello 1567 Words   |  7 PagesWOMEN’S ROLE IN SOCIETY: DISECTING THE MISOGONY IN SHAKESPEARE’S OTHELLO Judging Othello from a self-proclaimed feminist Audre Lorde’s perspective allows the reader to see the double standards women faced in the Elizabethan society. Today our society assigns gender roles to children from birth. From the baby dolls needing care and EZ Bake Oven toys, little girls are encouraged at an early onset to lead domesticated lives. Boys on the other hand, are given cars and action figures that can take rough-housingRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagestragedy of â€Å"Othello†, believed to have been written in approximately 1603. The work revolves around four central characters; Othello, a Moorish general in the Venetian army; his new wife, Desdemona; his lieutenant, Cassio; and his trusted ensign, Iago. Throughout the play of â€Å"Othello†, William Shakespeare diagnoses and portrays two ills within his own society, which are undeniably still present in society today. Shakespeare portrays the i ssues of prejudice against race and prejudice against gender. In thisRead MoreJessica Foy. Othello Essay. English Iii. 14 February 2017.907 Words   |  4 PagesJessica Foy Othello Essay English III 14 February 2017 Emilia Essay Character development is seen in almost every character in the play Othello. Most of the characters are seen tumbling in a downwards spiral of their former self; while other characters are seen becoming more powerful due to the loss of power from the people above them. One of the characters that developed from her superior’s weaknesses is Iago’s wife, Emilia. Emilia spends most of her time with Othello’s wifeRead MoreFeminism In Othello Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesEmilia is often named â€Å"the feminist of Othello† by scholars and critics because of her, seemingly, fiery independence among a sea of submissive women ( â€Å"Act Four: The Feminist of Othello† 17). The characterization of a woman who speaks out for herself suggests that Shakespeare thought progressively; because during that time, the Elizabethan era, women were mere objects rather than human beings. The plot of Othello revolves around the misgivings of poor communication and lack o f trust among the charactersRead More Goodnight Desdemona: a Feminist Introspection of Shakespeare2482 Words   |  10 PagesAnn-Marie MacDonald’s Goodnight Desdemona (Good morningJuliet) uses intertextuality to unveil the complete Shakespearean characters of Juliet and Desdemona to reveal the feminist narrative lurking between lines of Shakespeare’s plays. Only through the intertextual re-examination of the Shakespearean text itself via the interjection of genre and the reassigning of dialogue, within the metatheatre, is the true feminist representation of the female Shakespearian characters unveiled from behind the patriarchalRead More Essay on the Love Story of Antony and Cleopatra1645 Words   |  7 Pagesand Cleopatra is formally defined as a tragedy, it stands out from Shakespeare’s earlier tragic works. The structure of paradox within the play produces a different effect to usual tragic intensity. The characters display moods and impulse rather than pro gressing through a process of edification as in King Lear. The result from this spontaneity of character produces a lack of tragic motivation such as Macbeth’s ambition, or of Othello-like tragic responsibility. However, like the preceding tragediesRead MoreEssay on Othello and Hedda Gabler: Breaking from Tradition1825 Words   |  8 Pagesvarious ways, each one representing each gender differently. The representation of women has been a common and controversial subject. The female gender roles depicted in each time period have always been present in literature throughout history. These traditional female roles that society has placed on women have not always been evident. Even with different time periods, there has always been a break in the traditional female roles. Traditional female roles have always represented women as having

Screening Lung Cancer Literature Review Free Essays

Introduction Lung Cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed worldwide with respect to incidence and mortality. In 2008 in the UK, lung cancer accounted for 6% of all deaths and 22% of all deaths from cancer (Cancer Research UK, 2011). It is the leading cause of cancer related death in both men (24%) and women (21%) (Cancer Research UK, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Screening Lung Cancer: Literature Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% in UK has not significantly improved in the past 20 years despite the advances in imaging and non-imaging diagnostic tests, surgical techniques and postoperative management, radiotherapy delivery and new chemotherapeutic agents (Ghosal et al., 2009). People who are at high-risk of having lung cancer in their life-time include smokers, ex-smokers, who have COPD and who have been exposed to industrial carcinogens such as asbestos and silica (Black et al.,2006). Due to its high prevalence and mortality rates, easily identifiable at-risk population, lung cancer appears to be an ideal candidate for mass screening (Reich et a.,2007), and hence active research has been carried on since the 1950’s to detect lung cancer in an asymptomatic population at an early stage when it is localized and potentially curable (Bach et al.,2007). The efficacy of a screening programme is judged by its capability to reduce disease-specific mortality and improve survival. On reviewing the literature it is evident that lung cancer screening has been an active field of research appealing many, however also a controversial topic. It is debated mainly in terms of cost effectiveness of the services, ideal diagnostic tests, benefits, harms, influence on mortality and survival, study design, inherent biases such as lead-time bias, length time bias, overdiagnosis bias (Patz et a.,2000). Currently there is no mass screening programme in the UK. â€Å"The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) considers evidence of both clinical and cost effectiveness when deciding on whether or not to sanction the introduction of new NHS treatments or services† (Whynes ,2008). The aim of this review is to give an overview about the principles underlining screening, to synthesize and evaluate information from recent evidence provided by clinical studies and RCT’s for lung cancer screening and the issues pertaining to it, review the range of diagnostic test best suitable for screening and overall assess the feasibility of a screening programme and test if evidence support the hypothesis that early detection leads to reduction in mortality. Methods Identification of Studies Literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as AMED, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE(R), [email protected], Science Direct, Google Scholar using search terms: lung carcinoma, lung cancer screening limiting the search from 1995-2011,clinical trials for screening lung cancer was searched without any time limits and past and on-going clinical trials were identified from National Cancer Institute USA and Cancer Research UK using the clinical trials and research search tool. Lung Cancer was searched using the same search terms to identify studies. Reference list of systemic reviews and other studies was scanned. Quality of the studies was judged on their source of publication and the number of times the particular article was cited by others. Selection of papers Initial literature search on LCS resulted in a large number of papers with potential titles which were then filtered by selecting papers based on the relevance of the title to the topic and by reading the abstracts. Full papers of the relevant studies were then retrieved and reviewed. Inclusion Papers on screening for lung cancer were considered as the theme as opposed to diagnosing and staging of LC. Primary search for studies included: systemic reviews, RCT’s,non-randomized cohort / case-control studies, economical analysis, smoking cessation and lifestyle changes. Studies including other interventions such as CXR, sputum cytology, autofluroescence bronchoscopy, LDCT,PET, biomarkers was considered, however LDCT emerged as the modality of choice due to its technical and clinical abilities. Exclusion Papers not published in English were excluded. Data extraction and synthesis Substantive data was extracted from the papers. Methodological information regarding the information on participants regarding the entry criteria used such as age, smoking history(PY) and status i.e. current or former, sub-group of high–risk patients with COPD and occupational based risk factors was collected. Data from the results of the studies in terms of prevalence, detection, survival and mortality rates was noted along with disease stage and follow-up period. Outcome Measures The primary outcome was to assess the influence of LCS on mortality. Secondary outcomes were the effectiveness of screening clinically and economically, and the impact of screening on lifestyle changes and smoking behavior. Screening â€Å"Screening means testing people for early stages of a disease before they have any symptoms† (Cancer Research UK, 2011). Screening for LC is highly debated due to lack of evidence provided by past RCT’s showing reduction in mortality and due to the high costs for screening LC . WHO Screening Guidelines 1.) â€Å"The condition should be an important health problem 2.) The disease should have significant mortality 3.) There should be a latent phase of the disease 4.) Intervention earlier in the disease process should improve outcomes 5.) The screening test itself should have certain characteristics 6.)The cost of finding a case using the screening technique should be considered in relation to medical expenditure as a whole† Table 1: WHO Screening Guidelines. (Reproduced from Ghosal et al, 2009). Results Studies Included Using the electronic databases 42 studies was included and were categorized based on the nature of the study and relating to the endpoint of this review. They were categorized as: Randomized controlled trials (RCT), non randomized cohort/control studies, cost-effectiveness studies and studies that evaluated the impact of screening on smoking behavior and lifestyle. RCT’s On reviewing the literature 8 RCT’s were identified that were conducted in the past, which are current and which are on-going. Two large RCTs namely NLST (National Lung Screening Trial) (NLST Team, 2010) conducted in the USA compared LDCT and CXR’s among screened patients and NELSON (Dutch Belgian randomised lung cancer screening trial) (Netherlands Trial Register, 2011) is currently underway in the Netherlands comparing LDCT with no LDCT. Small RCT’s namely LSS (Lung Screening Study) (Gohagan et al., 2004), DEPISCAN (French pilot RCT) (Blanchon et al.,2007), DANTE (Infante et al.,2008), ITALUNG ( Pegna et al.,2009) randomized their study population into two arms in which LDCT was considered as the active arm. In the UK an randomized trial funded by the NIHR HTA called the UKLS (UK Lung Cancer Screening Trial) (Baldwin et al.,2011) is underway and is based on the initial results of the NLST. It is working closely with the NELSON trial to maximize the data available(NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme,2011).Features of these RCT’s with their aim and outcome have been outlined in Table 2. PLCO is a large RCT studying the impact on mortality reduction by screening patients with CXR(National cancer institute,2011). Table 2: Noteworthy RCT’s using LDCT for lung cancer screening. Study Ref Country Study Design Study start Year Aim of the Study Age Range No. of Subjects No. of subjects in the LDCT arm No. of subjects in the Control Arm Smoking History Study Outcome UKLS[Ongoing]( Baldwin et al.,2011)UK LDCT vs. Obs2008 The objective of the UKLS trial is to assess whether LDCTscreening and treatment of early lesions will reduce LC mortality in comparison to a control group without screening and to investigate if LC screening programme could be implemented in UK while ensuring any benefit exceeds harms in a cost-effective manner. 4000 (28000 if progression criteria met )– – NANA NELSON[Ongoing](Netherlands Trial register, 2011).NL-B-DK LSCT vs. Obs2003 1. To prove that in a RCT, screening with LDCT in high risk subjects will lead to a 25% decrease in lung cancer mortality. 2. To estimate the impact of lung cancer screening on health related quality of life and smoking cessation; 3. To estimate cost-effectiveness and help policy making.50-75156007915790715 cigs/day 25 years OR10 cigs/day 30 yearsNA NLST[Recent](NLST Team,2010)USA LDCT vs. CXR2003 To compare LC mortality of subjects screened with LDCT and with subjects screened with CXR.55-74530002672326733? 30 PYInitial results, shows 20 % fewer lung cancer deaths among trial participants screened LDCT compared to CXR. ITALUNG-CT (Pegna et al.,2009)Italy LDCT vs. Obs2004 ITALUNG is a population-based recruitment RCT perspective of pooling data with other RCTs in Europe andUS [14,22] contributing to the cooperative effort for the evaluation of the efficacy of low-dose CT lung cancer screening.55-6932061613159320 PYPopulation-based enrolment of high-risk subjects for aRCT of lung cancer screening with low-dose CT is feasible. The number of drop-outs in the group of subjects randomized to the active arm is low. LSS ( Gohagan et al.,2004)USA LDCT vs. CXR2002 To assessthe feasibility of conducting a large scale RCT of LDCT versus CXR for LC screening.55-74331816601658?30 PARCT comparing annual spiral CT to CXR is feasible.. DANTE( Infante et al.,2007)Italy LDCT vs. CXR + Sputum cytology2001 To determine the efficacy of lung cancer screening with low-dose CT on LC mortality.LC prevalence, incidence, stage distribution, and resectability are secondary endpoints60-74247212761196?20 PYLC Stage I detection rate in the spiral CT arm was 4 times higher than CXR’s.Advance stage tumors were also detected by CT. High resection rate suggests possible increase in cure rate. Longer follow up suggested. Depiscan-France[Pilot RCT results ]( Blanchon et a.,2007).France LDCT vs. CXR2002 â€Å"To determine the feasibility of enrollment byGPs, investigations and diagnostic procedures by university hospital radiologists and multidisciplinary teams, data management by centralized clinical research assistants, and anticipate the future management of a large national trial†(Blanchon et a.,2007)50-75621385380? 15 cigs/day for 20 YearsThis pilot trial allows estimating that non-calcified nodules are 10 timesmore often detected by LDCT than from CXR. It concludes that enrollment by GP’s was difficult and expresses the need for a large co-ordinate clinical research team in a trial. Clinical Effectiveness: Studies 34 studies were included and broken down to different sub-groups: With comparators, without comparators and other methods.RCT by Garg et al.(2002) compared LDCT versus no screening among patients with COPD and smoking history. Non-randomized studies by Henschke et al.(1999,2001,2004,2006)compared LDCT with CXR Swenson et al.(2002,2003,2005) compared CT with sputum cytology, Sobue et al.,2002 compared CT with CXR and sputum cytology. Studies by Pastorino et al.(2003) and Bastarrika et al.(2005) used LDCT along with PET without any comparator group. Futher prospective, non-randomized cohort studies by Sone et al(.2001);Nawa et al.(2002); Diederich et al.(2002,2004); MacRedmond et al.(2004,2006);Novello et al.(2005);Chong et al.(2004); Menezes et al.(2009) were single arm studies using LDCT. Several of these studies have been summarized with their results elsewhere (Yau et al., 2007). A study by Chien et al. (2008)estimated the mean-sojurm time and effect of mortality reduction by LDCT .I-ECAP study (Henschke et al., 2006) reported survival rates of screen diagnosed stage I cancers.The chosen trials sample populations were predominantly male and over the age of 40(Yau et al., 2007). The participants consisted of non-smokers as well as former or current smokers and who have COPD and who have been exposed to asbestos. Other tests for LCS: In a bimodality lung cancer surveillance trial in high–risk patients Lowen et al.,(2006) combined autofluorescent bronchoscopy (AFB)and LDCT, findings from AFB were compared to sputum cytology results .186 patients were enrolled who fulfilled the high-risk criteria and 169 completed baseline tests,7% were diagnosed with lung cancer . Bimodality surveillance could detect lung cancer and pre-malignancy in patients with multiple lung cancer risk factors despite sputum cytology findings and AFB proves to be an effective test in high-risk patients (Lowen et al., 2006). A RCT in UK called the Lung-SEARCH study is looking at detecting early LC using LDCT and fluorescence bronchoscopy in people with COPD (UKCRN,2011). In a cross-sectional study by Carozzi et al.(2009), potential use of molecular genetic markers for screening and diagnostic purposes were evaluated which could be combined with LDCT . Biomarkers detected in biological fluid help us understand the connection between genetic alternations and/or molecular pathways changes which will help us detect lung cancer earlier and reduce mortality (Carozzi et al., 2009). â€Å"Multi-screening approach integrating imaging technique and biomolecular marker could be used to improve screening for lung cancer and is worth of further investigation† (Carozzi. et al.,2009) The MEDLUNG study in UK is currently underway, looking at detecting early LC amongst high-risk patients using biomarkers (UKCRN,2011) Cost Effectiveness A systemic review by Black et al., in 2006 assessed the clinical and cost-effectiveness of CT for LC screening, six studies that described full economic evaluation was identified by scanning the reference list. Further two studies evaluating the cost effectiveness in an UK and Australian setup were looked upon. Economic and mathematical models were used to calculate cost-effectiveness ratios based on study assumptions. Characteristics of the economic studies are described in Table 3. Ref. Type of evaluation synthesis Interventions Study Population Country Period of study Okamoto, 2000 CEA; Total cost for one life saved; total cost for mean life expectancy saved. Mass screening(indirect CXR for all screened sputum cytology for high-risk individuals) in 1983 1993 and CT option Age- 40-84 years Japan 5 years Marshall et al.,2000 Incremental CEA; incremental cost per LYG LDCT vs. No screening Hypothetical cohort of 100,000 high risk-individuals (60-74 years) USA 5 years Marshall et al.,2001 Incremental CEA CUA; incremental cost per LY saved and cost per QALY saved. Annual scan with LDCT vs. no screening Hypothetical cohort of 100,000 high risk-individuals (60-74 years) USA 5 years Chirikos et al.,2002 Incremental CEA; incremental cost per LYG; cost per cancer case detected. 5 annual screening with LDCT vs. no screening. Hypothetical cohort of screened and unscreened patients from general population (Age ? 45-74 years) USA 15 years Mahadevia et al.,2003 Incremental CUA; incremental cost per QALY gained. Annual screen with LDCT vs. No screening. Hypothetical cohort of 100,000 current, quitting former smokers, Age ?60; 55 % male. USA 40 years Wisnivesky et al.,2003 Incremental CEA; incremental cost per LY saved. Single scan with LDCT vs. No screening. High-risk individuals, Age ?60 USA Cost restricted to 1 year. Manser et al.,2004 Incremental CEA; incremental cost per LY saved and QALY saved. 5 annual screening with LDCT vs. no screening Hypothetical cohort of 10000 male; age ? 60 Australia 5 years Whynes, 2008 Incremental CEA; incremental cost per QALY gained Single scan with LDCT vs. no screening, if positive further diagnostic tests to be undergone. Hypothetical cohort; high-risk male population using values of test parameters from previous clinical studies. UK – Table 3~: Characteristics of economic evaluation studies (Reproduced from Black et al., 2006) and data from other studies. Impact on Lifestyle Smoking Cessation Lifestyle is a major modifiable cause of cancer and cancer-related mortality (Aalst et al.,2010). A review based on recent evidence published by studies, Aalst et al. (2010) indicated that screening may have a positive outcome hereby promoting healthy lifestyle but also cautions us that it can also encourage people to continue or start an unhealthy lifestyle. Lung cancer screening can prove to be a teachable moment for smoking cessation and may influence people to quit smoking (Taylor et al., 2006). Discussion Mortality rates gives us the true outcome of a test as it is unconfounded by bias (Black et al.,2006). An effective screening programme should be able to identify high-risk groups depending on age, gender, lifestyle and occupation and have high sensitivity and specificity eventually resulting in reduction of mortality. Studies by Henschke et al.(2000),Nawa et a.(2002), Gohagan et al.(2004),Menezes et al.(2009) reported high sensitivity and specificity above 80%,Sone et al.(2001) and Pastorino et al.,(2003) reported low sensitivities and Swensen et al.(2002) ,Diederich et al.(2002,2004) reported low specificities. Discrepancy resided amongst studies due to the variation in the entry criteria such as age, gender, PY, high-risk sample and threshold values set (?5 – ? 20mm) for detecting suspicious lesions which made it difficult to compare results and determine the ideal criteria for diagnosis of a screening programme. Prevalence screening with LDCT revealed that majority of cancers reported were Stage I non-small cell lung cancer (53-100 %)(Yau et a.,2007)though advance stage cancers were also reported with other histological types of cancers. ELCAP,DANTE, LSS studies along with Swensen et al.(2002) found that CT was more effective at identifying cancerous NCN’s than CXR’s.It should be noted that CT detects more peripherally located tumors than centrally located ones which are difficult to diagnose(Postmus et al.,2004). I-ELCAP study (Henschke et al.,2006) reported a 10-year survival rate of 88% for the whole series and 92% for resected stage I patients. By estimating shorter MST in conjunction with other parameters Chien et al.(2008) predicted that 15% mortality reduction can be seen for an annual LDCT screening. Initial results from NLST showed 20 % reduction in mortality in the LDCT arm, however final results are yet to be published(NLST Team,2010). This trial hereby the only RCT to date that has proved clinical effectiveness against mortality reduction. However it should be noted that operating characteristics can be influenced by high false positive and false negative rates. High FP rates due to detection of benign lesions and lack of standardized threshold for positive screen have been reported thus resulting in low PPV(Yau et al.,2007).This is one of the hurdles in implementing LDCT for LCS.True estimation of TN rates cannot be established due to incomplete follow-up of negative baseline scans and shorter follow-up duration thus leading to high NPV(Yau et al.2007). Accuracy also depends on the ability of the reporting radiologist(Sone et al.,2001). The assumption that a â€Å"stage-shift† would result in decrease in mortality needs to be more carefully evaluated as it would lead to decrease in inoperable cases and an increase in operable cases which means that LC incidence will occur as a result of overdiagnosis bias(Beplor et al.,2003). Both clinical effectiveness along with cost-effectiveness hurdle needs to be overcome (which presently poses a greater challenge) to fulfill the criteria of a screening programme(Gleeson ,2006) Inherent biases present in studies i.e. lead-time bias, length bias and over-diagnosis bias and should be accounted for in CEA and analytical methods as they can affect cost-effectiveness ratios (demonstrated by the cost-evaluation studies included) and survival and mortality benefit may be overestimated(Black et al,2006) .If evidence from LCS studies provide health gains in terms of quality and quantity of life with modest additional cost per patient, cost-effectiveness can be justified (Black et al.,2006).More complete and transparent CEA are required (Patz et al.,2000). According to the HTA report published in 2006 by Black et al., LDCT for screening LC does not meet the accepted NSC criteria due to unsatisfactory clinical and cost –effectiveness evidence. According to NICE the screening programme needs to pass the cost per QALY threshold of ?20,000–30,000 per QALY (NIHCE,2005). However due to the rise in public expectations which adds additional burden on the services provided by NHS, the imbalance between demand versus supply and the rise in cost of health care services, it seems that even if NSC criteria are satisfied implementation of LDCT as a screening programme would be economically and logistically challenging with respect to the capital cost involved in setting up a multi centre nationalized screening programme Conclusion Based on this literature review, it has emerged that LDCT is the choice of screening tool for LCS, however integrated imaging with AFB and PET and advances in genomic and proteomic approaches promises to compliment the ability of CT to detect LC(Carozzi et al.2010).Economic decision-making framework should include harms of screening along with the mortality and morbidity associated with it, radiation exposure risks as a result of repeated follow-ups(Black et al.,2006) .Included studies did not account for this. Past and on-going LDCT studies need to be carefully evaluated and screening progrmme should be designed based on the country’s merits and population distribution. NRCT’s have failed to establish reduction in mortality and hence evidence from large RCT’s proving the hypothesis and screening efficacy is of paramount importance for introducing a population screening progrmme. Results are awaited from these RCT’s. References: Andrea Lopes Pegna, Giulia Picozzi, Mario Mascalchi, Francesca Maria Carrozzi, Laura Carozzi,Camilla Comin, Cheti Spinelli , Fabio Falaschi, Michela Grazzini, Florio Innocenti, Cristina Ronchi, Eugenio Paci, 2009, Design, recruitment and baseline results of the ITALUNG trial for lung cancer screening with low-dose CT, Lung Cancer ;64 34–40. 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